EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMMUNITY GARDEN PROGRAMMES AS AN INSTRUMENT OF URBAN FOOD SECURITY: A CASE STUDY IN PASIR GUDANG, JOHOR

Abstract

Neighbourhood gardens involve agricultural activities carried out within residential areas, either individually or collectively by local communities, often in collaboration with non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and government agencies. These initiatives aim to enhance local food production, ensure food freshness, diversify crop cultivation, support local economic development, and strengthen community engagement. Despite these potential benefits, the effectiveness of community garden programmes in achieving urban food security remains a key concern. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Community Garden Programme implemented by Majlis Bandaraya Pasir Gudang (MBPG), with emphasis on the management and utilisation of idle reserve land for productive gardening. A qualitative research approach was adopted, incorporating field observations, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis across selected community garden sites. The findings indicate that programme effectiveness is strongly influenced by active community participation, effective leadership among garden coordinators, institutional support from local authorities and NGOs, as well as systematic planning and maintenance practices. Well-managed community gardens not only improve access to fresh produce but also enhance social interaction, contribute to improved urban green spaces, and support sustainable urban development. This study highlights the importance of integrated planning, multi-stakeholder collaboration, and continuous monitoring in ensuring the long-term sustainability and resilience of community garden programmes.